Reflexión Final

Al completar los ejercicios  de cada una de las unidades, entiendo que uno no debe dejar de lado el estudio del inglés, el manejar esta herramienta abre un sinfín de posibilidades en la adquisición de conocimientos. Ahora si estos conocimientos se asocian con la poderosa herramienta como lo es internet, tenemos el mundo en nuestras manos.

Reflexión final “SOLO SE QUE NO SE NADA” (Sócrates), es decir que hay tanta información disponible, que todo lo que se sabemos es realmente poco y siempre debemos estar en constante búsqueda.

Ejercicios Unidad 4

Seleccione un texto relacionado con su área de experticia

Prestigious Venezuelan economist, director of the Central Bank of Venezuela and author of several books and manuals of economic theory.

Born in Barcelona (Anzoátegui State, Venezuela) on November 4, 1922. Bachelor of Philosophy (1940). Bachelor of Economics and Social Sciences by the Universidad Central de Venezuela (1949) obtained a doctoral degree in the same university (1962). He has been Professor of Economics at the UCV, Director of the Institute of Economic and Social Research (1963-1968). Member of the Technical Board of the Centre for Development Studies (1963-1971) and Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences (1972-75). It has also been Professor of Economic Dynamics at the Catholic University Andrés Bello and the Universidad Santa María and Coordinator of Graduate Courses in Economics and Management, Santa Maria University (1984).

Outside of academia, has been President of the National Academy of Economics (1986-88), Member of the Presidential Commission for State Reform (1985). Member of Congress for two terms. Member of the Presidential Commission for the oil nationalization (1974-75). President of the Federation of Associations of Economists in Venezuela (1969-71). Director of the newspaper "El Venezolano" (1963). Economic issues columnist, newspaper "El Nacional" (1949-63).

In Venezuela, the work of DF Maza Zavala has contributed significantly to the spread of economic culture in its most advanced. This can be seen its publications in various Latin American countries, specifically those related to macroeconomics, a work published in Caracas in 1985 and had five editions. Besides the importance as a creator and disseminator in theory, a constant feature on the contributions of Dr. Maza Zavala, is concerned about the application of discipline to the circumstances in Venezuela. His most recent contribution is the analysis published in the New Economy, organ of the ANCE, where auscultation stages preceding the "lost decade", the weight that represents the debt and the nature of inflation Latin America in general and in particular Venezuela, giving a critical view of the neoliberal model, structural and monetary authorities distinguishing cyclical and structural.

A. Lea el texto y extraiga las definiciones y los marcadores del discurso.

Marcadores de discurso

B. Seleccione otro texto relacionado con su área de experticia y extraiga los marcadores de discurso, diga si son de secuencia u ordenamiento del tiempo.

Marcadores de Tiempo

Tipo de texto – Biografía

Idea general del párrafo – Habla de la todos títulos obtenidos y cargos desempeñados; en el aspecto académico, político, gremial, así como de las publicaciones realizadas por Maza Zavala.

Ejercicios Unidad 3

En esta unidad vamos a identificar mediante la visualización y lectura rápida lo que dice el texto extraído de la página http://www.cnn.com/

1.     Seleccione un texto que tenga una imagen.
China in talks over rail rival to Panama Canal
By John Paul Rathbone and Naomi Mapstone, FT.com
February 14, 2011 -- Updated 0444 GMT (1244 HKT)

A rail link would join Colombia's Atlantic and Pacific coasts, rivaling the Panama Canal.


(FT) -- China is in talks to build an alternative to the Panama Canal that would link Colombia's Atlantic and Pacific coasts by rail -- a move that Bogotá also hopes will spur Washington to push for Congressional approval of a US-Colombia free-trade pact.
"It's a real proposal ... and it is quite advanced," Juan Manuel Santos, Colombia's president, told the Financial Times. "The studies [the Chinese] have made on the costs of transporting per tonne, the cost of investment, they all work out."
The 220km "dry canal" would run from the Pacific to a new city near Cartagena where imported Chinese goods would be assembled for re-export throughout the Americas. Colombia-sourced raw materials would make the return journey to China.
"I don't want to create exaggerated expectations, but it makes a lot of sense," Mr Santos said. "Asia is the new motor of the world economy."
Colombia has long dreamt of building an alternative to the Panama Canal. The country is the US's closest ally in South America, but Bogotá is frustrated by Washington's stalling over a free-trade agreement signed by both governments four years ago but yet to be ratified by Congress.
Bilateral Sino-Colombian trade has meanwhile soared from $10m in 1980 to more than $5bn in 2010, making China Colombia's second-biggest trade partner, after the US.
"Colombia has a very important strategic position, and we view the country as a port to the rest of Latin America," said Gao Zhengyue, China's ambassador to Colombia.
In documents seen by the FT, the project is just one of a series of Chinese proposals that would boost transport links with Asia and improve Colombia's creaking infrastructure -- a priority of Mr Santos' administration.
Chinese and Colombian officials say talks are most advanced over a 791km railway and expansion of the Pacific port of Buenaventura. The $7.6bn project, funded by the Chinese Development Bank and operated by China Railway Group, would move up to 40m tonnes of cargo a year from Colombia's economic heartland to the Pacific. Priority would be given to coal destined for China.
Colombia is the world's fifth-largest coal producer, but most is exported via Atlantic ports even as demand is growing fastest across the Pacific.
Additional reporting by Geoff Dyer in Beijing and Robert Wright in London
© The Financial Times Limited 2011


2.    Observe la imagen y conteste las siguientes preguntas.
3.    De acuerdo al título y la imagen,
      
¿cuál cree usted que es el tópico que está a punto de leer?
Se está hablando del transporte marítimo a través del Canal de Panamá
     
¿Cuál es la idea general del texto?
Buscar alternativas de transporte
    
¿Qué palabras se repiten?
Las palabras que mas se repiten son Colombia, talk, build
     
¿Qué palabras se parecen al español?
Alternative, real, studies, costs, transporting,
     
¿Cuáles palabras, el titulo, subtitulo o gráficos que ayudan a  entender?
Palabras en negrita y título - China in talks over rail rival to Panama Canal
Subtitulo - China is in talks to build an alternative to the Panama Canal


¿De qué trata el texto? Lee primer párrafo y el último o la ultimas ideas.
Trata de alternativas que China está buscando para mejorar los costos de envío de mercancía hasta Cartagena, Colombia, debido a que tienen que transportarla hasta un puerto en la costa pacífica de Colombia, desembarcarla, embarcarla en tren y transportarla hasta Cartagena.


A continuación se presenta un texto biográfico del cual se van a realizar unas pregustas para contestar:
Seleccione un texto  y escribe 4 preguntas puntuales sobre fechas, sitios, etc) (utiliza una biografía referente a algún autor de tu área de experticia))
"Prestigious Venezuelan economist, director of the Central Bank of Venezuela and author of several books and manuals of economic theory.
Born in Barcelona (Anzoátegui State, Venezuela) on November 4, 1922. Bachelor of Philosophy (1940). Bachelor of Economics and Social Sciences by the Universidad Central de Venezuela (1949) obtained a doctoral degree in the same university (1962). He has been Professor of Economics at the UCV, Director of the Institute of Economic and Social Research (1963-1968). Member of the Technical Board of the Centre for Development Studies (1963-1971) and Dean of the Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences (1972-75). It has also been Professor of Economic Dynamics at the Catholic University Andrés Bello and the Universidad Santa María and Coordinator of Graduate Courses in Economics and Management, Santa Maria University (1984).
Outside of academia, has been President of the National Academy of Economics (1986-88), Member of the Presidential Commission for State Reform (1985). Member of Congress for two terms. Member of the Presidential Commission for the oil nationalization (1974-75). President of the Federation of Associations of Economists in Venezuela (1969-71). Director of the newspaper "El Venezolano" (1963). Economic issues columnist, newspaper "El Nacional" (1949-63).
In Venezuela, the work of DF Maza Zavala has contributed significantly to the spread of economic culture in its most advanced. This can be seen its publications in various Latin American countries, specifically those related to macroeconomics, a work published in Caracas in 1985 and had five editions. Besides the importance as a creator and disseminator in theory, a constant feature on the contributions of Dr. Maza Zavala, is concerned about the application of discipline to the circumstances in Venezuela. His most recent contribution is the analysis published in the New Economy, organ of the ANCE, where auscultation stages preceding the "lost decade", the weight that represents the debt and the nature of inflation Latin America in general and in particular Venezuela, giving a critical view of the neoliberal model, structural and monetary authorities distinguishing cyclical and structural.

Preguntas
1.- Cuando Nacio Domigo Felipe Maza zabala? Born in Barcelona (Anzoátegui State, Venezuela) on November 4, 1922
2.- Donde estudió? the Universidad Central de Venezuela (1949)
3.- Cual fue su carrera? Bachelor of Economics and Social Sciences

Ejercicios UNIDAD 2

1.     Selecciona un texto en Ingles relacionado con tu campo de experticia. (uno o dos párrafos

This feature allows business to be conducted in any number of currencies that are defined in Multi-Currency Manager. Transactions within Accounts Payable are linked to a currency via the vendor class and the currencies are linked to an exchange rate via the transaction date. All transactions conducted in natural currencies are captured and stored in natural currency. The system then tracks all realized (sustained) gains and losses associated with the fluctuations in the currency exchange rates between the time transactions are booked and the time they are completed.

These gains and losses are then calculated and posted to the appropriate user-defined account when the Print and Post Distribution to GL is generated.

2.  Escribe cual es la idea principal del texto y escribe con tus propias palabras que dice el texto en español.

a.- Idea principal: Habla de lo que se puede hacer con las cuentas por pagar, en la programación multi-moneda de un sistema integrado (R3)

b.- Contenido del texto: Los rasgos de multi- moneda permiten llevar en cualquier cantidad de monedas que estén definidas en el maestro de milti-moneda. Las transacciones dentro de cuentas por pagar están unidos a las monedas mediante el tipo de vendedor y las monedas están unidos a las tasas de cambio. Todas las transacciones llevadas en su moneda natural, son capturadas y almacenadas en su moneda natural. El sistema contiene rutas para que se realicen las ganancias o pérdidas asociadas con la fluctuación entre la fecha de la tasa de cambio del registro y ña fecha de la tasa de cambio de la fluctuación.

Las ganancias o pérdidas son calculadas y registradas en una cuenta definida y se distribuyen en el estado de resultados cuando es emitido.

3.  Selecciona tres oraciones e indica la frase nominal, frase verbal, pre modificadores, post modificadores, núcleos (de ambas frases) y tiempo verbal.

a.- This feature allows business to be conducted in any number of currencies that are defined in Multi-Currency Manager

    - Frase nominal –Núcleo FN – Frase verbal – Núcleo FV –

b.- All transactions conducted in natural currencies are captured and stored in natural currency

    - Frase nominal –Núcleo FN – Frase verbal – Núcleo FV – Pasado Simple

4.  Busca 2 ejemplos de elementos referenciales- pronombres demostrativos - conectores

Ejecicio Unidad 1

1.     Selecciona un texto en Ingles relacionado con tu campo de experticia. (uno o dos párrafos)

This feature allows business to be conducted in any number of currencies that are defined in Multi-Currency Manager. Transactions within Accounts Payable are linked to a currency via the vendor class and the currencies are linked to an exchange rate via the transaction date. All transactions conducted in natural currencies are captured and stored in natural currency. The system then tracks all realized (sustained) gains and losses associated with the fluctuations in the currency exchange rates between the time transactions are booked and the time they are completed.

These gains and losses are then calculated and posted to the appropriate user-defined account when the Print and Post Distribution to GL is generated.

2.  Lee tu texto y subraya 5 palabras nuevas.

a.- Allows          »       Permite

b.- Within         »       dentro

c.- Tracks        »        pistas

3.  Busca en el diccionario y escribe el significado que mejor se adapte al contexto donde se encuentra.

a.- This feature allows business                      »        este rasgo permite al negocio

b.- Transactions within accounts payable           »       transacciones dentro de cuentas por pagar

c.- The system then tracks all realized            »        el sistema rastrea todo lo realizado

4.    Señala: abreviaciones

a.- GL = General Ledger = contabilidad general

5.    Indica si es palabra de contenido o de función

General Ledger es una palable de contanido

6.    Busca y subraya dos ejemplos para cada una de las siguientes categorías lexicales:

a.- Sustantivos

b.- adjetivos

c.- adverbios             - La lectura no posee adverbios

d.- verbos

e.- conjunciones

f.- preposiciones

g.- artículos

h.- prefijo                 - La lectura no posee prefijos

i.- sufijo                    - La lectura no posee sufijos

j.- cognados falsos     - La lectura no posee cognados falso

k.- cognados verdaderos.